公民社會與教會的復和及醫治功能/郭偉聯

撮要

本文指出教會在現今社會中應參與公民社會的建設,筆者亦指出教會若要在現今複雜的環境擔演好她在公民社會內的角色,並秉持福音對她的要求,則醫治及復和神學會比身分政治(identity politics)更切合她的需要。「公民社會」(civil society)乃指由市民組成,獨立於國家(state)的非強制性,圍繞共同利益、目的及價值的集體行動羣體。西方的研究皆指出公民社會有利社會的發展,但對教會是締造抑或是戕害公民社會的力量,當代人士抱持不同的看法。可是,筆者指出,由於在後現代的社會及公共生活中,宗教介入是無可避免的,因此基督徒有責任將這種需要引導到合乎聖經的信仰生活形態裏,避免人掉進各種各樣的宗教極端主義之中。筆者因應現今社會的情況,建議教會應採取「複雜而精巧」的策略來參與建設公民社會。並且,這模式提示我們,教會應看重其社會醫治功能,它會比抗爭行動、施加政治壓力或盲從附和,更能對準現在社會的需要,及建設一個健康的公民社會。雖然因着現代社會個體化及生活政治的現實,持定信仰原則,追求「公益」,也並不一定會使教會免於外界的批評、挑戰甚至是鬥爭,因為在多元的社會中,「公益」這概念也是受人質疑的;但教會也不可因此放棄「公益」,而視社會為「滅亡」及「沉淪」,因為這其實與上帝託付給教會的復和福音使命相違。教會強化社會的裂痕,只會使教會變成自保及拆毀性的羣體,而非福音的羣體。如此,在這兩難之間,復和神學便很重要。惟有我們在推動社會「公益」時,與反對教會的人「復和」,我們才能真正於現今複雜的社會環境中,正面建設公民社會並進行社會醫治。

 

ABSTRACT

This article argues that the Church should participate in the civil society, and act as a social healing agent within it. Recent researches have shown that religion is an important part of public life in the post-modernity. It also can be a significant power in shaping a society’s ideology and public policy. The Church should give a positive social influence in order to develop the civil society. Though the post-modern society has various different or even conflicted values, interest groups, and ideologies; I maintain that the Church can do a better job of promoting civil society by acting as a social healing agent than an activist of identity politics. The theology of reconciliation is thus important.The thought of Miroslav Volf,Stanley Hauerwas, and Arnold Yeung are integrated to offer a constructive theological proposal for further reflection andexploration.

原載於《建道學刊》31期(2009年1月),頁83-104。