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撮 要

本文藉探討史密斯（Adam Smith）的政治經濟學分析資本主義和市場經濟的倫理基礎，史密斯支持各人在自由市場中追求自利，因他相信這在無形之手引導下可帶來社會共同富裕，連貧窮人都會受惠。但筆者指出這一論題從歷史角度說並非必定正確。一方面資本主義的發展一定程度上是受到基督新教的倫理影響，另一方面自由放任的市場經濟亦不一定可帶來社會共同富裕，反而企業壟斷造成貧富懸殊；本文並且指出市場經濟理論所引申「經濟人」的概念扭曲人們對人性及道德價值的理解。最後本文嘗試從聖經經濟倫理及三一神學人論對市場經濟作神學回應。

ABSTRACT

This article explores Adam Smith’s political economy and analyzes the ethical basis of capitalism and the market economy. Smith supports that everyone pursues self-interest in the free market because he believes that under the guidance of the invisible hand, society can be more prosperous and brings a better life for the poor. However, the author points out that this thesis is not necessarily correct from a historical point of view. On the one hand, the development of capitalism is influenced to a certain extent by the ethics of Protestantism. On the other hand, a laissez-faire market economy may not necessarily bring about universal prosperity in society. On the contrary, the monopoly of enterprises creates a significant disparity between the rich and the poor. This article also points out that the theory of market economic lead to the development of the concept of homo economicus which distorts our understanding of human nature and moral values. Finally, this thesis attempts to make a theological response to the market economy from the perspective of Biblical economic ethics and Trinitarian anthropology.

原載於《建道學刊》60期（2023年7月），頁77-97。