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ABSTRACT

From the late 19th century, Japan successively occupied Taiwan and Korea. By the 1930s, Japan had taken control of northeastern China and established the puppet state of Manchukuo. In July 1937, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China, seizing vast territories. When Guangzhou fell in 1938, a significant influx of refugees from South China poured into the British colony of Hong Kong, rapidly increasing its population to 1.6 million. On December 8, 1941, Japan initiated the Pacific War by attacking Pearl Harbor and simultaneously striking Hong Kong and several Allied strongholds. In just eighteen days, the Japanese army defeated the British and Canadian garrison in Hong Kong, leading to the British surrender on December 25, 1941, and beginning a three-year and eight-month Japanese occupation. This paper explores the dramatic transition of Hong Kong from British colonial rule to Japanese militaristic governance, focusing on how the remaining Christians adapted and persevered under the new regime.

原載於廖炳堂、倪步曉主編：《困境與抉擇：「建道研究中心30週年誌慶」跨學科研討會論文集》（2025年1月），頁79-114。