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撮要

主流史學研究普遍假設現代聖經批判學有一個合併的溯源:改教運動和啟蒙運動。本文則認為除非加上極大的宗教懷疑主義，否則單是改教運動的唯獨聖經原則，根本不會導致高等批判學。本文指出就現代聖經批判發展而論，其實有多個溯源，最重要的因素之一是懷疑主義所造成的影響，而懷疑主義本身又是由多個源頭、所匯聚。影響聖經批判發展的因素包括:學術界以通用範圍培訓學者的做法之式微;皮羅學派懷疑主義的再現，並其在蒙田及法國反改教者跟新教徒的爭論下之風行；以及猶太人反基督教文學活動的持續反對。

ABSTRACT

While mainstream historiography generally assumes a twin source for the origin of modern criticism: the Reformation and Enlightenment. This paper argues that the Reformation doctrine of Scripture alone is insufficient for the development of higher criticism unless accompanied by a strong measure of religious skepticism. This paper points out that there exists multiple sources of influences contributing to the development of modern biblical criticism, and one of the most important factors is the influence of skepticism, itself a confluence of several sources. The factors include the general breakdown of the utilization of commonplace thought in the academic training of scholars, the rediscovery of Pyrrhonic skepticism, its popularization by Montaigne and in the hands of the French Counter-Reformers in their controversies with Protestants, and the constant opposition by Jewish anti-Christian literary activities.

原載於《建道學刊》14期（2000年7月），頁1-23。