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撮 要

本文聚焦於馬丁·路德神學思想的重要概念Anfechtungen，以基督教神學人觀的救贖論為切入路徑，考察Anfechtungen 如何在路德的「十架神學」中呈現。路德的十架神學基於人與上帝之間的不可見的垂直關係（coram Deo），首先通過Anfechtungen 揭示了「隱藏的上帝」所引發「異乎上帝之工」與「合乎上帝之工」的區分。其次，Anfechtungen 將基於認識論的形而上學術語coram Deo轉換成生存論意義上人與被釘十字架的基督的真實相遇，以此指向十字架上的恩典與救贖。最後，Anfechtungen 彰顯出人不僅要在十字架上區分「行為之義」與「信心之義」，並要實現後者對前者的超越。總體而言，十架神學所呈現的Anfechtungen 在本質上是一個關於上帝在基督裏透過十字架所應許的救贖問題，因此，Anfechtungen 是路德在十架神學中處理一切救贖論問題的真正焦點。

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on an important concept of Martin Luther’s theological thought, Anfechtungen, and explores how Anfechtungen is presented in Luther’s “Theology of the Cross” by taking the soteriology of Christian theological anthropology as the approach. Luther’s theology of the Cross is based on the invisible vertical relationship between man and God (coram Deo), first reveals the distinction between “the strange works of God” and “the proper works of God” from “the hidden God” through Anfechtungen. Second, Anfechtungen converted the epistemologically based metaphysical term “coram Deo” into the existential meaning of the actual encounter between man and the crucified Christ, thus pointing to grace and salvation on the Cross. Finally, Anfechtungen shows that man must not only distinguish between the “righteousness of works” and the “righteousness of faith” on the Cross, but also achieve

the latter surpass the former. In general, the Anfechtungen presented by theology of the Cross is essentially a question of salvation promised by God in Christ through the Cross, and thus the Anfechtungen is the real focus of Luther’s treatment of all redemptionistic issues in Cross theology.

原載於《建道學刊》62期（2024年7月），頁79-98。