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張雲開

撮要

耶利米和約瑟夫都被視為是十分複雜的人物，兩者都在其民族面對強大軍事威脅時作出勸降的言論和出降行動，但後代對耶利米和約瑟夫的行為卻有截然不同的看法。本文審視和比較耶利米和約瑟夫的投降言論，分析他們投降的動機和結果，指出後世對兩者態度的分歧是基於一系列的因素，其中投降的場景、投降後的際遇和對形勢的估計準確與否都是決定性的。 

ABSTRACT

Jeremiah and Josephus are compared for their responses to the threat of imperial military annihilation of their own people. Although both surrendered to the enemies and urged his compatriots to capitulate, Jewish posterity regards them very differently. This paper looks at the reasons they gave for surrendering and the consequences of their surrender, with some suggestions as to why Jeremiah is considered a patriot while Josephus a traitor by Jewish posterity.

原載於《建道學刊》46期（2016年7月），頁 79-100。