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撮要

翻譯不僅要考慮文法結構或字意的因素，更要兼顧社會語言學的層面。若要了解這方面的重要，讀者不得不明白言語的心理及社會功能。言語的心理功能主要反映個人對世界整理及回應的需要;言語的社會功能就是令人有一些改變。言語的心理功能主要包括表達和理解，這是用說話描述事物或表達情緖的能力。言語的社會功能包括提供資訊、祈使、敘述行爲、表感、交感，及反映人際關係。總言之，琴把原稿譯得準確，不得不準確掌握言語不同層面的意義，還要明白非言語表達的意義，如說話時聲浪的大小、輕重，和表達的方式。以上兩者都是缺一不可的。

ABSTRACT

Translation involves far more than linguistic factors of grammatical constructions or semantic classes of words, but more subtlely, the sociolinguistic aspects of language. In order to appreciate the significance of such aspects, it is important to study the functions of language, both psychological and sociological. The former reflect primarily the needs of individuals to sort out and react to their world, and the latter are those that bring about some change in other persons. Psychological functions may involve primarily naming and reacting. These are the capacity for employing verbal symbols either for objects or emotional state. Sociological functions, on the other hand, involve informative, imperative, performative, emotive, aesthetic, and interpersonal. Being sensitive to different levels of language, and non-linguistic codes such as paralinguistic and extralinguistic features are indispensable to an adequate rendering of the source text.

原載於《建道學刊》2期（1994年1月），頁19-34。